perbedaan GERUND DAN INFINITIVE

Gerunds and Infinitives :

1.      A gerund is a noun made from a verb by adding "-ing." The gerund form of the verb "read" is "reading." You can use a gerund as the subject, the complement, or the object of a sentence.

Examples:

Reading helps you learn English. subject of sentence

Her favorite hobby is reading. complement of sentence

I enjoy reading. object of sentence

Gerunds can be made negative by adding "not."

Examples:

He enjoys not working.

The best thing for your health is not smoking.

2.      Infinitives are the "to" form of the verb. The infinitive form of "learn" is "to learn." You can also use an infinitive as the subject, the complement, or the object of a sentence.

Examples:

To learn is important. subject of sentence

The most important thing is to learn. complement of sentence

He wants to learn. object of sentence

Infinitives can be made negative by adding "not."

Examples:

I decided not to go.

The most important thing is not to give up.

3.      Both gerunds and infinitives can be used as the subject or the complement of a sentence. However, as subjects or complements, gerunds usually sound more like normal, spoken English, whereas infinitives sound more abstract. In the following sentences, gerunds sound more natural and would be more common in everyday English. Infinitives emphasize the possibility or potential for something and sound more philosophical. If this sounds confusing, just remember that 90% of the time, you will use a gerund as the subject or complement of a sentence.

Examples:

Learning is important. normal subject

To learn is important. abstract subject - less common

The most important thing is learning. normal complement

The most important thing is to learn. abstract complement - less common

4.      As the object of a sentence, it is more difficult to choose between a gerund or an infinitive. In such situations, gerunds and infinitives are not normally interchangeable. Usually, the main verb in the sentence determines whether you use a gerund or an infinitive.

Examples:

He enjoys swimming. "Enjoy" requires a gerund.

He wants to swim. "Want" requires an infinitive.

5.      Some verbs are followed by gerunds as objects. List of Verbs Followed by Gerunds

Examples:

She suggested going to a movie.

Mary keeps talking about her problems.

6.      Some verbs are followed by infinitives. List of Verbs Followed by Infinitives

Examples:

She wants to go to a movie.

Mary needs to talk about her problems.

GERUND

 As for gerund divided to become 7 (seven) part of that is :

1.      ACE of SUBJECT (as subject).

Example :

Note is well writeing of easy (writing nicely [do] not easy to)

Makes health us Swimming (swimming to make healthy us)

smocking of Is note of good health our for (smoke bad for the health of us)

2.      ACE OBJECT of OF PREPOSITION ( as object of preposition)

Example :

hunting by live they (they live by hunting)

Has anything saying before gone She (he go before telling something)

3.      ACE OBJECT of OF TRANSITIF VERB (as object of transitive)

Example :

Story a reading likes he (he/she like to read a story)

Wants job her finishing She (he/she will finish its[his] [him/it])

Boy laughing begins The ( that child start to laugh)

4.      AFTER ARTICLE : A : AN : THE (after article of a, an, the)

Example :

I Hear door the at knocking a (I hear knock [in] door)

Went hunting a He (he/she go to hunt)

Man carefully reading the read The (that men read reading carefully)

5.      AFTER DEMONSTRATIVE ADJECTIVE : THIS:THAT: THESE: THOSE (after indicative word adjective)

Example :

me annoys crying this (tangisan ini bother me)

Working tired me make That (that work make tired me)

Playing jury the attacked Those (that player attack jury)

6.      AFTER POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVE, MY: HIS: HER : THEIR: OUR: YOUR: ITS (after word property of adjective)

Example :

my father brings his working to home ( ayahku membawa pekerjaanya kerumah)

His speaking is nice to be heard ( bicaranya enak di dengar)

They sit to hear my talking (mereka duduk untuk mendengar ceritaku)

7.      AFTER SOME VERB : REMEMBER, KEEP, STOP, PREFER, AVOID,GOON ( setelah beberapa kata kerja: mengingat, menyimpan, berhenti, lebih suka)

example :

I remember reading my article in the magazine ( aku teringat membaca artikel ku di majalah)

I enjoy playing football (aku suka bermain sepak bola)

I prefer walking rather than riding ( aku lebih suka berjalan daripada naik kuda)

INFINITIVE

Pada pembahasan infinitive ini terbagi dalam beberapa bagian:

1.      TO di hilangkan pada kata kerja apabila kata kerja tersebut dating sesudah subject.

example :

I learn English from Mr. Syauma,

He sells his book to his friend dll.

2.      TO di hilangkan pada kata kerja apabila dating langsung sesudah kata kerja bantu (auxiliary verb) yang 12 ( am, is, are, can, have, has, shall, will, do, does, may, must)

example:

I shall go to medan with her tomorrow

I can do something with out you

3.       Kata kerja memakai TO apabila kata kerja tersebut dating sesudah kata kerja sebelumnya

example :

he comes to meet me to ask the lesson today

Merry does not want to go with you

4.      TO di hilangkan apabila kata tersebut datang sesudah kata kerja tertentu

example:

fika lets me go alone to study today

Elsy hears me go to medan

He makes them laugh happily

5.      semua pokok kalimat ( subject) yang terdiri dari kata ganti diri ( personal pronon) he, she, it dan kata benda bilangan satu (singular) maka dinamakan orang ketiga tunggal ( thirt person) maka kata kerjanya yang langsung dating sesudah pokok ini semuanya harus memakai “s”.

example :

he drinks the drinking water

dog eats the food until over

she goes to meet her family in bandung

6.      menghilangkan huruf “S” pada kata kerja walaupun pokok ( subject) orang ketiga tunggal. Apabila kata kerja tersebut dating setelah kata kerja Bantu DO. DOES, SHALL, WILL, CAN, MAY , MUST.

example :

it can play with its tail

You must pay your debt now

He will try to compose short story tomorrow

7.      menghilangkan huruf “S” pada kata kerja walaupun pokok orang ketiga     tunggal apabila kata kerja dalam bentuk past tense

example :

she asked me to come to Surabaya

fika went to Jakarta last week

he sent the letter to his friends last week

Solution

Gerund [is] vb. in form of ing which [in] wearing as noun while infinitive [is] vb. in the form of which base come [from] from vb. use TO [in front/ahead] of him like go to, see to, read to etc

The Infinitive with to

after:	the first	Gagarin was the first to fly in a spaceship.
	the last	Peter was the last to watch the film.
	the next	He is the next to get his passport.

after:	Adjectives	I’m happy to be here.
		It’s better not to smoke.

after:	question words	I don’t know what to say.
		Can you tell me how to get to the bus stop?

after:

want/would like

I want you to help me.

verb + object + to-infinitive

I helped my dad to clean the car.

The Infinitive without to after auxiliaries/modals

can	He can run very fast.
could	As a boy he could run very fast.
may	I may fly to Africa this summer.
might	I might fly to Africa this summer.
must	I must go now.
mustn’t	You mustn’t smoke here.
needn’t	You needn’t go.
shall	We shall sing a song.
should	We should sing a song.
will	She will cook a meal for his birthday.
Would	She would cook a meal for his birthday.

after to do

do	I don’t know.

after the following expressions:

had better	You had better clean up your room.
would rather	Susan would rather study for her exam tomorrow.
would sooner	I would sooner read a book than watch this film.
why not	Why not ask your neighbour for help?
why should we	Why should we go by car?
why should we not	Why should we not go by car?

after verbs of perception + object (action has finished):

feel	She feels the rain fall on her face.
hear	I heard Peter sing a song.
notice	Mandy noticed the boy climb the tree.
see	They saw him climb up the roof.
watch	He watched the thieves steal a car.

after let + object:

Let	Sandy let her child go out alone.
	Mother let her daughter decide on her own.
let’s	Let’s go for a walk through the park.

after make + object:

make	She made Peggy and Samantha clean the room